Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches. Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels. Average marine acidity pH measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations. By , effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.
Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels. By , conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.
Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas. By , prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.
Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. By , increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.
Sustainable fisheries as a percentage of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries.
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries. Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology.
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets. Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph of The Future We Want.
Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources. More than 3 billion people rely on the oceans for their livelihoods, and more than 80 per cent of world merchandise trade by volume is carried by sea.
The oceans, seas and marine resources are under constant threat from pollution, warming and acidification that are disrupting marine ecosystems and the communities they support. These changes have long-term repercussions that require the world to urgently scale up the protection of marine environments, investment in ocean science, support for small-scale fishery communities, and the sustainable management of the oceans. While efforts to reduce nutrient inputs into coastal zones are showing success in some regions, algal blooms indicate that coastal eutrophication continues to be a challenge.
Globally, anomalies of chlorophyll-a the pigment responsible for photosynthesis in all plants and algae in national exclusive economic zones decreased by 20 per cent from to Ocean acidification is caused by the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the ocean, resulting in a decreasing pH and threatening marine organisms and ocean-based services.
A limited set of long-term observation sites in the open ocean have observed a continuous decline in pH over the past 20 to 30 years.
Mean protected area coverage of marine key biodiversity areas increased globally from 28 per cent in to 44 per cent in However, there is considerable geographical variation in this progress, with coverage still less than one quarter of key biodiversity areas in Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand. Improved regulation, together with effective monitoring and surveillance, has proved successful in restoring overfished stocks to biologically sustainable levels.
However, the adoption of such measures has generally been slow, in many developing countries in particular. In 13 countries and territories that have active assessment and management systems in place, the proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels is higher than the world average of Between and , the average degree of implementation of international instruments to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing improved around the world, with the global score measuring the implementation of the five principal instruments rising from 3 to 4 out of 5.
Almost 75 per cent of States scored highly in their degree of implementation in , compared to 70 per cent percent of States in Between and , the world made progress in implementing regulatory and institutional frameworks that recognize and protect access rights for small-scale fisheries, with the global score rising from 3 to 4.
At the regional level, Northern Africa and Western Asia made this progress, while the regional score for Central and Southern Asia fell from 3 to 2, highlighting the need for efforts there to be redoubled and demonstrating that there is no room for complacency. Sustainable fisheries accounted for approximately 0. The sustainable management of fish stocks remains critical to ensuring that fisheries continue to generate economic growth and support equitable development.
The long-term impact of the COVID pandemic on fisheries poses significant challenges that threaten to undermine sustainable stock management and profitability. On average, only 1.
A number of States have implemented these instruments through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, but further progress is needed in some developing countries, in particular the least developed countries. Current efforts to protect key marine environments and small-scale fishers and invest in ocean science are not yet meeting the urgent need to protect this vast, fragile resource.
The ocean absorbs around 23 per cent of the annual emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, helping to alleviate the impacts of climate change on the planet, however, resulting in a decreasing pH and acidification of the ocean. A new ocean acidification data portal shows an increase in variability in pH and the acidity of the oceans by 10 to 30 per cent in the period — The sustainability of global fishery resources continues to decline, though at a reduced rate, with the proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels at Auerbach PS, et al.
Dehydration and rehydration. In: Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine. Elsevier; Accessed Oct. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water. National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. Franklin BA. Exercise prescription and guidance for adults. Bardosono S, et al. Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Drinking for two. Sterns RH.
Maintenance and replacement fluid therapy in adults. Gordon B. How much water do you need. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Department of Agriculture. Thomas DT, et al. Armstrong LE, et al. Water intake, water balance, and the elusive daily water requirement. See also MIND diet may cut Alzheimer's risk 3 diet changes women over 50 should make right now 3 key changes in the new Nutrition Facts label Healthy-eating habits Reduce sugar in your diet Acai berries Added sugar Alcohol use Alkaline water Are energy drinks bull?
Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes Autism spectrum disorder and digestive symptoms Bad food habits at work? Get back on track in 5 steps Best oil for cooking? Dietary guidelines Boost your calcium levels without dairy? Yes you can! Breast-feeding nutrition: Tips for moms Caffeine: How much is too much? Is caffeine dehydrating? Calorie calculator The role of diet and exercise in preventing Alzheimer's disease Can whole-grain foods lower blood pressure?
Carbohydrates Chart of high-fiber foods Cholesterol: Top foods to improve your numbers Coconut water: Is it super hydrating? Coffee and health Diet soda: How much is too much? Dietary fats Dietary fiber Prickly pear cactus Does soy really affect breast cancer risk?
Don't get tricked by these 3 heart-health myths Don't go cuckoo for coconut water Make healthy snack choices Eat more of these key nutrients Eggs: Bad for cholesterol? Energy drinks Fiber: Soluble or insoluble?
Fish and polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs Fit more fiber into your diet Get to know the new Nutrition Facts label Grape juice health benefits Guidelines for a good ileostomy diet Is chocolate healthy?
Healthy heart for life: Avoiding heart disease Healthy-eating tip: Don't forget fiber Hidden sources of sodium High-fructose corn syrup High-protein diets Alcohol during the holidays: 4 ways to sip smarter Holiday weight: How to maintain, not gain How the right diet can help an overactive bladder How to track saturated fat Takeout containers Is there more to hydration than water?
Go nuts! The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Which levels have collectibles in "Where's my water? Ask Question. Asked 9 years, 9 months ago. Active 9 years, 2 months ago. Viewed 43k times. Improve this question. Private Pansy Anders Anders 3, 16 16 gold badges 40 40 silver badges 60 60 bronze badges. Add a comment.
0コメント